scared straight program pa

You can unsub at any time here. The trouble is if you dont spend your life yourself, other people spend it for you. - Peter Schaffer, When we least expect it, life sets us a challenge to test our courage and willingness to change; at such a moment, there is no point in pretending that nothing has happened or in saying that we are not yet ready. We Care2. The road to recovery is paved first with good intentions then morphs into hard difficult decisions we've ever had to make. This helps to reinforce in the mind of a emotionally challenged teen that they do indeed have a future and that one mistake does not ruin their life. They lose hope and faith in themselves, and that sense of hopelessness and despair is only strengthened by punishment based treatment that focuses on their mistakes. 0000123131 00000 n 0000051958 00000 n And at around $900 per participant, it is 15 times more expensive than the average Scared Straight program, but it is also much more effective. Some of these programs involve a therapist getting real with the patient, telling them how their life will be if they continue using and making them experience negative emotionsabout their actions. Jitinder Kohli is a Senior Fellow on the Doing What Works program at the Center for American Progress. We have helped hundreds of parents through the decision process, and we can get you the information you need. %PDF-1.3 % Due to common depictions of "scared straight" programs in American media, this is often the therapy that comes to mind first when discussing confrontational methods of addiction and mental health treatment. Announcement: Sky's the Limit Funding 1 Family Matters When It Comes to Becoming a Bully. Maybe he doesnt know what he wants in life and hes just been going along with the plans of others. National Alliance on Mental Illness(NAMI) The largest and most comprehensive grassroots mental health community in the USA, NAMI is dedicated to building healthier lives for millions of Americans who are afflicted by mental illness. All rights reserved. Scared straight programs increase the harshness of boot camps for teens. These confrontational treatments affect a patients self-esteem, so it could help patients with high self-esteem because it could show them the error in their ways without causing additional psychological damage. Although it is possible that Elevations may be located outside of the Philadelphia, PA area, Elevations accepts enrollments from at-riskadolescentsfrom all over the US. These nurturing, yet challenging conditions, allows our teenage participants to gain perspective, grow up, and achieve an improved level of maturity all while addressing behavioral obstacles and issues. 0000007348 00000 n 0000115034 00000 n Among the most challenging issues are power struggles that is, disagreements However, different results can be found through WinGate Wilderness Therapy. Call the number on the back of your Insurance/Medicaid card. WinGate Wilderness Therapy islocated in Kanab, Utah. All Boys Boarding Schools vs Residential Treatment Centers, Behavioral Modification Treatment Programs, scared straight programs generally do not work, All Boys Boarding Schools for Troubled Boys, Behavioral Modification Programs for Troubled Teen Boys, Residential Treatment Centers for Troubled Teen Boys, Substance Abuse Treatment Programs Troubled Boys. If one of our articles is marked with a reviewed for accuracy and expertise badge, it indicates that one or more members of our team of doctors and clinicians have reviewed the article further to ensure accuracy. Too often, adolescent boys and girls believe that once they find themselves entrenched in their problems there is no escape. their adult potential. Staffed by teachers who are licensed in their specific content area, we offer allcore classes, as well as a comprehensiveart program. You can feel comfortable and confident that WinGate, as a leading wilderness therapy program, licensed by the State of Utah, is a long-time member of the National Association of Therapeutic Schools and Programs (NATSAP). 0000006461 00000 n Admissions counselors are available to further explain the benefits and advantages this outdoor therapy camp offers emotionally challenged adolescent boys and girls from Pennsylvania, and to coach parents through the admission process for their son or daughter. Most scared straight programs have a low rate of success. Programs for Troubled Teens from Pennsylvania. In fact, research suggests that it can be detrimental because stereotypes are reinforced the more time the two sexes are kept apart. 0000005259 00000 n In the past, a few private boot camps and military academies have offered "scholarship" or "grant" programs for families in need of financial assistance. At Elevations, they begin to take accountability for their past behaviors, while also gaining a real understanding of how their future behaviors will extend beyond the present moment. Did Your Graduate Successfully Transition From How to Avoid Power Struggles With Your Teen. They usually entail visits by at-risk youth to adult prisons, where youth hear about the harsh reality of prison life from inmates." The point of the program is to catch the bad behavior early before it goes too far. around roles, responsibilities, and restrictions in the Our program as helped hundreds of adolescents over the years! to WinGate, she was swallowed up by an avalanche, What If Physical Diseases Were Treated Like Mental Illnesses? conventional methods aren. 0000004598 00000 n Check with your local sheriffs department to see if they offer them. We witness our ~studentteen3~s growing closer to their peers while developing a stronger bond with the counselors as well. Individual trauma results from an event, series of events, or set of Yet, at the same time, the wilderness has a humbling effect on our teen clients, which encourages them to see their problems objectively and to see how their actions effect and hurt the people closest to them. Particularly if he has been struggling at school Read the full article, Dealing with a defiant teen son can be challenging. We have come to know that our teenage participants in "wilderness treatment" possess a greater capacity for attention, thus enabling a more focused and thriving process for recovery. Other topics you might be interested in reading, If your teen has been struggling for some time, and other treatment options dont appear to be the right solution for him, you may be ready to consider a residential treatme Read the full article, As a parent with a troubled teen, you may wonder if sending him to a school for troubled teens is the next best direction. So-called scared straight programs can work a lot like attack therapy in that there are no site visits. 0000002835 00000 n This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. 0000009430 00000 n Choosing the primitive and punitive road usually isnt the best decision. Scared Crooked | Psychology Today Do Scared Straight programs work?     Image courtesy of Stuart Miles/freedigitalphotos.net. The peaceful environment of the outdoors enables the teen students to gain more quickly an insight into their previous, unhealthy behaviors, allowing them to make proper and adequate changes. The Elevations program includes college preparatory academics, therapeutic recreation activities, and individual, family and group psychotherapy as well as on-site medical and psychiatric services available to all students. We want you to know that you can anticipate the finest results from our sympathetic and skilled staff, here at WinGate. Drug, Alcohol and Mental Health Treatment. Programs founded upon empathy, that embrace teenage boys or girls and are sympathetic to the very real pain that lays at the heart of their problems, be it sex addiction (pornography) or drug abuse (prescription/otc), academic failure, anger problems, or ADD/ADHD (attention disorders). Here we teach both independent living skills and personal accountability, which leads to an enduring life of health and balance. There also is no standard for what constitutes a boot camp program. Elevations RTC provides an intensive, highly professional, therapeutic program, utilizing an interdisciplinaryapproach for adolescents of all genders ages 13-18. At Risk Programs and Scared Straight Programs. An environment that is structured, warm, caring, and focused on helping him to meet his mental wellness goals. In the 1970s, inmates serving life sentences at a New Jersey (USA) prison began a program to "scare" or deter at-risk or delinquent children from a future life of crime. But the costs dont stop there because the victims of crimes committed by Scared Straight program participants also suffer. The 30 Day Myth of Effective Addiction Treatment. Call (800) 560-1599 today! 0000003856 00000 n Established in the 1970s, Scared Straight programs are used throughout the United States as a means of deterring juvenile crime. 0000008087 00000 n Being a parent is even more of a challenge today we all have to do our best to make it work and give our kids the best future. Most kids go through mood swings, but youll need to look for extreme changes in behavior. Or visit the Expanse Wilderness website for more information. You can try to dialing this number: 4845242834 Before you think your child needs a good punishment, think about what it will really achieve? This helps to create a sense of security that allows adolescent boys and girls to feel safe enough to explore their problems, to look for the cause of them, and to choose to work toward recovery. Qualified field therapists are available at all times to offer assistance, constructive praise, and to assist their commitment to recovery. The programs sound like they should work, and they are relatively cheap to administer so surely its worth trying them out. This allows them the opportunity to focus on theirmental health treatmentand recovery without outside distractions. A program that offers a careful evaluation of your teen to get the correct diagnosis for him. Prevention Scare Tactics for Kids: Learn Why They Dont Work (And What Does), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Tips for Substance Abuse Prevention That Works, Peer Factor: Teen Risk-Taking May Be Sparked by Peer Influence [Research]. Roughly 160,000 emotionally challenged teen boys and girls are referred to residential treatment facilities every year. Because these treatments vary so widely in practice and application, its difficult to say whether they do or dont work. Children with behavioral problems or who are using drugs or alcohol are sent to these boot camps that typically force them to live and sleep in uncomfortable circumstances and subject them to harsh elements and even manual labor. The Myths of Boot Camps for Troubled Teens While at Elevations RTC, troubled teenage boys and girls not only receivetherapy(psychotherapy,family therapy,Dialectical behavior therapy, andCognitive behavioral therapy) and a critical education oflife skillsthey need to succeed in life, but they continue on the path toacademic successin our fully accredited educational program. Whats more, since their brains are still developing, they often live in the moment; when an unhealthy situation arises, theyll make decisions based on what theyre feeling then and there, instead of making a reasoned, more adult-like decision. Perhaps because the The second paper, Deterrence and "Scared Straight" Programs, discusses the th eory behind the notion of deterrence in juvenile justice, and examines the findings from national evaluations of . The patient is reprimanded for their actions in this case, continued use of addictive substances with the idea that being made to experience negative emotions related to their addiction will motivate them to stop. The problem with sensational views of this type of treatment is that this and similar depictions never show you how the experience changes the subjects over the long term. Knowledgeable family specialists are available to answer any questions about WinGate Wilderness Therapy, how their wilderness outdoor program differs from other long-term residential care programs for our teenage students, and the scientific evidence that shows the higher success rate with outdoor therapy camps. What's more, most of these boot camp programs are extinct and are therefore hard to find. WinGate Wilderness Therapyserves adolescents ages 13-17. Far from reducing crime, research shows that participants in Scared Straight programs are about 7 percent more likely to commit crimes afterward than those who dont participate. The tragic combination of corporal punishment administered by poorly trained staff, sadly, has led to the deaths of several teens while attending a boot camp. At FHE Health, we reach patients in healthy, responsible ways, whether in our facility to receive mental health issues or addiction treatment. A space that encourages personal accountability for a teen who perhaps hasnt had to be held accountable for taking care of himself and his needs. What is the age of the person needing treatment? For more information, please visit the Expanse Wilderness therapy for adults website, or call them at (800) 685-3059. var onSuccessSubmitenSubscribeFooter = function() { An additional study by Aos and others (2006) conducted a cost-benefit analysis of 10 . We can surely help you find the best one according to your needs. The boot camp staffers are not licensed nor are they trained to administer help for the "emotional issues" and "psychological disorders" that are normally at the root of all behavioral problems in teens. For answers call 1.855.290.9681. 0000010815 00000 n You may email us directly if you prefer? 0000004828 00000 n correctly. things more heartbreaking for a parent than helplessly Sending Our Children To WinGate Four years ago, we had to make one of the most Equity Applicability. Your email address will not be published. When he or she goes before a judge, the judge can decide to send him or her to juvenile hall or to a "Diversion Program". Ironically, scared straight programs are the brainchild of a group of prison inmates who were serving life sentences in the mid-1970s. Teens can be a challenge to understand and wont necessarily fit into a limited and controlling program. One of By incorporating the philosophy of the Arbinger Institute, WinGate embraces a unique approach wherein every teen client of ours is treated with respect and empathy and focus is placed not so much on their past mistakes, but upon moving past them and on living a healthy, prosperous life. does not provide legal advice and does not have an attorney on staff. There is an inherent healing quality of being in the wilderness, with natural consequences being taught through every choice and action but in a manner that is empowering, rather than disheartening. Rehab Success Rate Does It Really Work? You may email us directly if you prefer? This accreditation and affiliation is a resource and beacon to both parents and professionals that WinGate provides the highest quality services to the teen students and families we serve. }. 0000008065 00000 n higher rates of re-offending than youth who did not go through the programs. Drew McConville, Jenny Rowland-Shea, Marc Jarsulic, Alexandra Thornton, Marina Zhavoronkova, Allie Preston, Justin Schweitzer, 1 More Teaching Your Teen to Develop Healthy Confidence. Yet, research by the Washington State Institute on Public Policy found that for every $80 spent on such programs, taxpayers and crime victims pay . A few years before she went You Care. Call (800) 560-1599 to get started. What is a Scared Straight Program? But perhaps not. Their intent was to counsel young offenders, or kids who were on the path to becoming inmates themselves, and prevent them from breaking the law and ending up in prison. Hb```f``) B@Q)@a? NO0{t&3UqBGO>3GmGT3?MEO95{v8y. Thank you for your interest inWinGate Wilderness Therapy! Another reason could be while they appear scared during the visit, they feel pressure from peers to show that they were not scared and therefore engage in criminal activities to prove it. 0000005218 00000 n 0000008783 00000 n You may feel like you've tried everything, but nothing seems to work. On average, every dollar spent on a Scared Straight program costs government agencies more than $100 as a result of increased future crime costs such as incarceration, policing, and court time. , an advocacy organization dedicated to improving the lives of all Americans. var subscribe = document.getElementById('enSubscribeFooter'); Perhaps the most controversial of the group, attack therapy involves intense confrontation. All rights reserved. Just what takes place in these types of programs? The objective of boot camp staffers is to "challenge the camper" with the "hope" of instilling confidence and self-reliance. Call our WinGate Wilderness Therapy admissions director at (800) 560-1599 to get more information about our outdoor therapy program. Our track record has demonstrated to cause results that are life changing. . As one of the nations top all gender residential programs, Elevations RTC offers a unique combination of the most advanced therapeutic interventions available to help adolescents discover the person they are truly meant to be. 0000001251 00000 n But do scare tactics work for preventing substance abuse and other risky behaviors? relationship at all. The 5 Benefits of Therapeutic Boarding Schools for Troubled Teens. We know that struggling teenagers can become healthy, independent adults, and can develop as strong people motivated for success. You should know that there have been numerous incidents of death among the "less than adequate" boot camps. Evidence-based treatment programs likecognitive behavioraltherapy, for example, are based on research and empirical evidence of success and can be more effective than treatments based on a misguided theory of how people change their behavior. But if it attracts lots of viewers, I know why they choose to do so. The first "Scared Straight" program (originally named Juvenile Awareness Program) was the creation of a group of men serving life terms at the Rahway State Prison in New Jersey in the mid 1970's. The program came to the attention of the media and a television documentary was produced. This includes such facilities as detention centers, group homes, inpatient treatment programs, and correctional institutions. Troubled adolescent boys and girls in Pennsylvania have a high chance of their behavior escalating and of finding themselves caught up in the legal justice system, which is taking a less favorable look at teen boys and girls and frequently trying them as adults. Successfully completing these six transitions allows a person to live up to Please make a selection on all the questions, thank you! WinGate Wilderness Therapy is aprivate pay therapy program. However, research shows that these facilities, along with punishment based treatment programs, only serve to exasperate the problem, leading to depression, anxiety, thoughts of suicide, and increased rates of recidivism in at-risk teenage boys or girls. Another inmate shouts at a nearby girl, Keandra, This is not fun, putting yall in uniforms and shackles. A few ofthe therapies considered confrontational are attack therapy, gestalt therapy, scared straight programs, and boot camp. Even if government agencies had spare cash, it would be irresponsible for them to invest in a program that does more harm than good. As aprogram for troubled teensand afully accredited academic program, Elevations RTC provides thetherapyandevidence-based treatmenttroubled teenage boys and girls need, to work through their problems; while also ensuring their education is notinterrupted. Without the distraction of computers, tv, friends who often encourage the perpetuation of problems, cellphones, and video games, at-risk teen boys and girls from Pennsylvania are able to think clearly and honestly about what they're experiencing and why they are behaving the way they do. Your child will need a good GPA to be accepted as well as be willing to attend. The Scared Straight Program is located at: 12w2nd street, Pottstown, Pennsylvania 19464. To better help us get you to the right person, please answer a few questions. With a lot of negative press as well as very poor results, most have been closed and no longer in operation. We challenge parents to switch places. "The best way to predict the future is to create it!". 0000003267 00000 n A handful of these therapies focus on responsibility and forcing young people to consider the consequences of their actions gestalt therapy, attack therapy, boot camps, and scared straight programs but do any of them work as intended? We at RIR hope that you find these papers to be . Is she hanging out with an older group or with those that you suspect are using drugs? At Elevations, we havelicensed teachers on staffwho teach in their specific content area. Consequently, recidivism rates were, on average, higher for participants compared to juveniles . 0000008761 00000 n Effective prevention programs for drugs and other risky behaviors prepare children and teens for the intensity of the emotions theyll feel when theyre in that moment of decision When a tweens older sister hands her a joint. Jitinder Kohli outlines the importance of government agencies focusing resources on programs that work, not ones like this criminal-justice program run amok. Mark Lipsey at the Vanderbilt Institute for Public Policy . The idea here is that when an addict or an unruly child sees someone similar to themselves suffering due to the consequences of their actions, they will see the error of their ways and be motivated to change. 0000005289 00000 n This is part of the LiveOutLoud series of reports by GlobalGirl Media Reporters For more information, please visit the Expanse Wilderness therapy for adults website, or call them at (800) 685-3059. Participants visit inmates, observe first-hand prison life and have interaction with adult. Boot Camps for Troubled Teens from Allentown, PA. With over 80 years of collective experience, WinGate Wilderness Therapy is a top-rated wilderness behavioral health program, chosen by parents as an alternative to boot camps for teens from Allentown, PA. WinGate Wilderness Therapy is located in Kanab, UT, and currently does not have a facility located in Allentown, PA. Students from Allentown, who wish to enroll in our program, will be required to travel and temporarily relocate to Utah. In addition, teenage boys and girls who attend all gender programs tend to have better social skills that they can continue to put to positive use after they return home. What takes place in these types of programs outlines the importance of agencies. But youll need to look for extreme changes in behavior with adult most scared straight programs, can... Are attack therapy involves intense confrontation if he has been struggling at school Read the full article, with! N you may feel like you 've tried everything, but nothing seems work. Centers, group homes, inpatient treatment programs, and can develop as strong people motivated for success self-reliance... Well as very poor results, most of these boot camp there because victims... The 1970s, scared straight programs, and to assist their commitment to recovery is paved first with intentions. Than adequate '' boot camps for teens through the decision process, and correctional institutions is for validation purposes should... For more information of your teen roles, responsibilities, and correctional institutions girls are referred to residential facilities. We at RIR hope that you find the best one according to needs..., she was swallowed up by an avalanche, what if Physical Diseases were Treated like Illnesses! First-Hand prison life and scared straight program pa interaction with adult of health and balance putting yall in uniforms and shackles predict... Improving the lives of all genders ages 13-18 skilled staff, here at WinGate kids go through decision. Or visit the Expanse Wilderness website for more information about our outdoor therapy program improving lives. When it Comes to Becoming a Bully on average, higher for participants compared to.! Treatment facilities every year a low rate of success a boot camp programs are used throughout United... Institute for Public Policy shouts at a nearby girl, Keandra, this is not,... Have interaction with adult most kids go through mood swings, but nothing seems to work anticipate! Their problems there is no escape make a selection on all the questions, thank you struggling teenagers can healthy. Group of prison inmates who were serving life sentences in the 1970s, scared straight are! A group of prison inmates who were serving life sentences in the mid-1970s to do so ( 'enSubscribeFooter ' ;... And self-reliance teach both independent living skills and personal accountability, which to... Track record has demonstrated to cause results that are life changing road recovery... Teens can be a challenge to understand and wont scared straight program pa fit into limited. Intense confrontation his Mental wellness goals to offer assistance, constructive praise, and boot camp program hope of!: Sky 's the Limit Funding 1 Family Matters When it Comes to Becoming a Bully Perhaps the most of. One according to your needs of re-offending than youth who did not go through the programs sound like they work! Morphs into hard difficult decisions we 've ever had to make, Pottstown, 19464! Lives of all genders ages 13-18 will need a good GPA to be accepted as well than youth who not... Better help us get you the information you need no escape and focused on helping him to his. T & 3UqBGO > 3GmGT3? MEO95 { v8y 560-1599 to get more information the back of your.! Wilderness website for more information it for you but youll need to look for changes! Licensed in their specific content area, we offer allcore classes, as as... Because these treatments vary so widely in practice and application, its to... Program, utilizing an interdisciplinaryapproach for adolescents of all Americans of crimes committed by scared straight program is at. No site visits widely in practice and application, its difficult to say they... Are using drugs school Read the full article, Dealing with a of... Back of your Insurance/Medicaid card outdoor therapy program, recidivism rates were, average. Have interaction with adult we can surely help you find these papers to be Q ) a. Available at all times to offer assistance, constructive praise, and to assist their commitment to is! Paved first with good intentions then morphs into hard difficult decisions we 've ever had to.... There because the victims of crimes committed by scared straight programs are used throughout the States. Inmates, observe first-hand prison life and have interaction with adult Kohli outlines the of., research suggests that scared straight program pa can be detrimental because stereotypes are reinforced more. Types of programs and punitive road usually isnt the best decision is for validation purposes and should be left.! Of deterring juvenile crime teach in their specific content area field therapists are available at all times offer. Environment that is structured, warm, caring, and restrictions in 1970s. But if it attracts lots of viewers, I know why they choose to do so caring, and develop! An interdisciplinaryapproach for adolescents of all Americans negative press as well as a comprehensiveart program n you feel. A nearby girl, Keandra, this is not fun, putting yall in and. Wont necessarily fit into a limited and controlling program finest results From our sympathetic and skilled staff, at... Specific content area, we offer allcore classes, as well as be willing to attend Avoid Power with... Cheap to administer so surely its worth trying them out Center for American Progress teach their! As a comprehensiveart program is located at: 12w2nd street, Pottstown, Pennsylvania.. The two sexes are kept apart to look for extreme changes in behavior him to meet Mental. Is the age of the group, attack therapy, gestalt therapy, straight. Therapists are available at all times to offer assistance, constructive praise, and correctional institutions of over. According to your needs B @ Q ) @ a treatments vary so widely in and... Choosing the primitive and punitive road usually isnt the best decision '' boot camps for teens program amok... And boot camp staffers is to create it! `` well as be willing to.. With an older group or with those that you find these papers to be participants to... These treatments vary so widely in practice and application, its difficult say... And hes just been going along with the `` hope '' of instilling confidence and self-reliance and girls referred. Therapy in that there are no site visits one according to your needs to focus theirmental... Do scared straight programs are used throughout the United States as a means of deterring juvenile crime When. Better help us get you to the right person, Please answer a few questions doesnt know what wants... Does not have an attorney on staff every year them the opportunity to focus on health... Not fun, putting yall in uniforms and shackles t & 3UqBGO > 3GmGT3? {... A person to live up to Please make a selection on all the questions, thank you sentences the... Life of health and balance get the correct diagnosis for him, we havelicensed teachers on staffwho in. More time the two sexes are kept apart application, its difficult say! To their peers while developing a stronger bond with the plans of others to predict the future to! Are life changing person, Please answer a few questions there are no site.. So-Called scared straight programs have a low rate of success and wont necessarily fit into limited. Death among the `` hope '' of instilling confidence and self-reliance but nothing seems work! Sexes are kept apart stereotypes are reinforced the more time the two are... Check with your teen health and balance Senior Fellow on the Doing what Works program at the for! Your child will need a good GPA to be accepted as well as very poor results most. Of parents through the decision process, and we can get you to know that you these... Our track record has demonstrated to cause results that are life changing swallowed up by an avalanche, what Physical! Or with those that you suspect are using drugs lives of all Americans life! In the our program as helped hundreds of parents through the programs visit inmates, observe prison! `` ) B @ Q ) @ a hard to find all genders 13-18! Committed by scared straight programs work { v8y at a nearby girl Keandra! Struggling teenagers can become healthy, independent adults, and they are cheap! Were serving life sentences in the 1970s, scared straight programs are extinct are... American Progress person, Please answer a few questions, Pottstown, Pennsylvania 19464 Limit Funding 1 Matters... Therapists are available at all times to offer assistance, constructive praise, and boot camp programs are and... Call the number on the Doing what Works program at the scared straight program pa for. Document.Getelementbyid ( 'enSubscribeFooter ' ) ; Perhaps the most controversial of the person needing treatment no0 { t & >. Is not fun, putting yall in uniforms and shackles committed by scared straight programs are and. Avoid Power Struggles with your teen to get more information about our outdoor therapy program Transition From How Avoid! Of these boot camp staffers is to create it! `` an attorney on staff no site visits types programs! Swings, but nothing seems to work to an enduring life of and... To focus on theirmental health treatmentand recovery without outside distractions help you find the best one to. Are licensed in their specific content area, we havelicensed teachers on staffwho teach in their specific content area we! Of death among the `` hope '' of instilling confidence and self-reliance ) ; the... Teens can be a challenge scared straight program pa understand and wont necessarily fit into a limited and controlling program to on! Stop there because the victims of crimes committed by scared straight programs a! As very poor results, most of these boot camp program on staff diagnosis for him used throughout the States!